A Credit Default Swap (CDS) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A Credit Default Swap (CDS) - Coursework Example The lender must make periodical installments (which are taken to be protection premium) to the back up plan, and the safety net provider will pay the bank on the off chance that the there is default. The fixed periodical installments made by the loan boss or the purchaser of a Credit Default Swap are known as the CDS charge or ordinarily alluded to as CDS spreads. The purchaser of the Credit Default Swap can just get the specific estimation of the credit or advance and can not be repaid past that esteem. The vender of the Credit Default Swap (or the safety net provider) claims the defaulted credit or advance, gets right of proprietorship and can in this manner sue to recoup the credit. The estimation of the spreads to be paid ought to be resolved with the goal that the purchaser of the Credit Default Swap can pay the right an incentive for the Credit Default Swap. Consider a model where a purchaser of Credit Default Swap enters a multi year agreement to pay CDS spreads on Ford Motors credit with a head of $10 million at 300 premise focuses. This implies the purchaser pays $300,000 every year and acquires the option to sell bonds worth $10 million gave by Ford of that esteem in case of a default by Ford. This theory is partitioned into three sections which spread the theme in Credit Default Swap spreads in subtleties. ... Bonds with AAA rating are considered to have basically no possibility of default and its CDS spreads are relied upon to be lower contrasted with D rating which have a high danger of default and its CDS spreads expected to be undeniably increasingly costly. Likelihood Model There are other quantitative strategies that can be utilized to decide CDS spread to be paid. The likelihood model is one of the quantitative strategies. This strategy suggests that credit default trades should exchange at an essentially lower spread than organization securities. The cost of a Credit Default Swap is resolved utilizing a portrayal that considers four components which are; issue premium, recuperation rate (which is the rate reimbursed in case of default), credit bend and LIBOR bend. The cost of a Credit Default Swap would be controlled by including the limited premium installments. To clarify the likelihood technique better, envision an instance of one year Credit Default Swap which will be powerful on lets state date t with a quarterly spread installment occurring on dates t1, t2, t3 and t4. On the off chance that the ostensible for the Credit Default Swap is N and the issue premium is C, at that point the estimation of the periodical spreads is given by the recipe NC/4. In the event that we envision the default can just occur on one of the installment dates, at that point the trade understanding can end when; it does not have a default inside concurred time thus the spread installments are settled on and the understanding suffers until development date or, a default happens either on first, second, third or fourth remuneration date. The cost of the Credit Default Swap is currently dictated by doling out probabilities to the five likely outcomes. Work Rate Labor rate can likewise be utilized to benchmark the cost for Credit Default Swap protections of a recorded organization. Work is the intrigue expense which

Presidential and Parliamentary Systems of Government Essay

Presentation and Main Distinguishing Features of Both Systems: A presidential arrangement of government is one in which there is a head of government, for example the official branch, who is isolated from the lawmaking body and isn't responsible to it. By and large, the lawmaking body doesn't hold capacity to excuse the official. This framework can be followed back to the monarchal framework in the medieval ages which nations, for example, France, England and Scotland followed where the Crown held every single official force and not the parliament. At the point when the workplace of the President of the United States was made, this arrangement of discrete forces of the official and council was imitated in the U.S. Constitution. Conversely, a parliamentary framework is not the same as the above in light of the fact that its official part of government needs the immediate or aberrant support of the parliament to remain in power, which is commonly communicated through a demonstration of approval. In any case, the system of balanced governance is not quite the same as one found in a presidential republic in light of the fact that there is no unmistakable partition of forces between the lawmaking body and the official. In parliamentary frameworks, the head of government and the head of state are unmistakable elements, where the previous is the leader and the last is a chosen president or a genetic ruler. The U.K. follows a parliamentary type of government, where the PM and the bureau oversee utilizing their official force every day, except genuine authority is held with the head of state.[1] In recognizing presidential and parliamentary frameworks, three focuses must be thought of. Initially, in a presidential framework the head of government (the president) is chosen for a fixed term and will serve this except if there is the ‘unusual and remarkable procedure of impeachment’, though in a parliamentary framework the head of government (PM or identical) is reliant on the certainty of the assembly and in this manner can be evacuated (alongside the entire government) by a movement of no-certainty. Second, in a presidential framework the head of government (the president) is famously chosen, on the off chance that not truly straightforwardly by the voters, at that point by an appointive school prominently chose explicitly for this reason, though in a parliamentary framework the head of government (PM or proportionate) is ‘selected’ by the lawmaking body. Third, in a presidential framework there is adequately a â€Å"one-person† non-collegial official, though in a parliamentary framework the official (i.e., the bureau) is aggregate or collegial.[2] As far as concerns him, Sartori like Lijphart, makes three fundamental focuses in that ‘a political framework is presidential if, and just if, the head of state (president) I) results from mainstream political decision, ii) during their pre-built up residency can't be released by a parliamentary vote, and iii) heads or in any case coordinates the legislatures that the person appoints’. There are two differentiations among Lijphart and Sartori significant here. As a matter of first importance, Lijphart alludes to the president as the head of government though Sartori alludes to the person in question as the head of state. Second and related, Sartori thinks about the administration as being more extensive than the individual president. All things considered, Sartori dismisses as too limited the idea ‘that the head of state should likewise be the head of government’ for a looser thought that position streams starting from the president †maybe through a different head of government.[3] Mainwaring credits two distinctive highlights to a presidential popular government. Initially, the head of government is chosen autonomously of the assembly as in administrative decisions and post-political race dealings don't decide official force. In nations where the CEO is chosen by the lawmaking body, not as a second elective when the well known vote doesn't deliver a reasonable champ however as the principal procedure, the framework is either parliamentary (most by far of cases) or a half breed (as in Switzerland). Post-political decision arrangements that figure out which gatherings will oversee and which will head the legislature are significant in numerous parliamentary systems, however they are not part of the choice procedure of CEOs in presidential frameworks. The CEO in a presidential majority rules system is normally chosen by mainstream vote, albeit a few nations, prominently the United States, have a discretionary school as opposed to coordinate well known races. All things considered, in the United States, the famous vote has a for all intents and purposes restricting impact on Electoral College votes. In other presidential frameworks, incorporating those in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile (before 1973), the congress votes in favor of a president if there is no total lion's share in the well known vote. However the mainstream vote is the principal model, and in Argentina and Chile, convention has directed that congress will choose the competitor with the most well known votes. Note that it must be the head of government-not just the president-who is chosen by well known vote or a discretionary school. In Austria, Iceland, and Ireland, the president is chosen by direct well known vote however has just minor powers and is in this way not the head of government.[4] The second distinctive component of presidential vote based systems is that the president is chosen for a fixed timeframe. Most presidential vote based systems consider indictment, yet this training is uncommon and doesn't generously influence the definition in light of its exceptional character. The president can't be compelled to leave on account of a no-certainty vote by the lawmaking body, and therefore, the president isn't officially responsible to congress. In a parliamentary framework, conversely, the head of government is chosen by the assembly and hence relies upon the progressing certainty of the council to stay in office; in this way the timeframe isn't fixed.[5] Suggestions for Policy Making and Democracy: Regardless of whether a system is parliamentary or presidential majorly affects noteworthy parts of political life: how official force is framed, connections between the authoritative and the official branches, connections between the official and the ideological groups, the nature of the ideological groups, what happens when the official loses support, and seemingly even possibilities for stable vote based system and examples of mastery. The defenders of presidential case that presidential frameworks guarantee that such frameworks guarantee that the president’s power is a real one in light of the fact that the president if, as a rule, chose straightforwardly by the individuals. The United States follows an alternate framework wherein the president is chosen by a discretionary school yet is as yet viewed as prominently chose. Parliamentary officials can not profess to be chosen through an immediate vote of the individuals. Detachment of forces is another advantage which the presidential framework gives since it set up the official branch and the administrative as two unmistakable structures which permits each body to direct and manage the other and forestalls maltreatment of the framework. In a parliamentary framework, the official isn't independent from the lawmaking body, decreasing the odds of analysis or investigation, except if a conventional judgment as a demonstration of general disapproval happens. Thus, in a parliamentary framework, a prime minister’s unscrupulous deeds or cases of unfortunate behavior may never be found as Woodrow Wyatt (previous British Member of Parliament) said while expounding on the celebrated Watergate embarrassments during the administration of Richard Nixon, â€Å"don’t think a Watergate couldn’t occur here, you just wouldn’t catch wind of it.†[6] In a parliamentary framework, despite the fact that the alternative of a demonstration of majority disapproval is accessible, it is a choice depended on just in extraordinary cases. It is considered very hard to impact or stop a PM or bureau who has just chosen to pass enactment or execute measures. Casting a ballot against significant enactment is equivalent to a demonstration of general disapproval, as an outcome of which the administration is changed in the wake of holding of decisions. This is an exceptionally repetitive procedure as a result of which it is an uncommon event in some parliamentary nations. England for instance has just seldom experienced such a circumstance. Along these lines, it is regularly accepted that in a parliamentary framework, in light of the absence of division of forces, the Parliament can not really practice any genuine power over the official. Be that as it may, there can be a drawback to partition of forces. Presidential frameworks can prompt a circumstances where the President and Congress both sidestep fault by passing it to the next. In the expressions of previous Treasury Secretary C. Douglas Dillon as he depicted the United States, â€Å"The president accuses Congress, the Congress accuses the president, and the open stays mistook and sickened for government in Washington.†[7] Woodrow Wilson concurred in his theory, Congressional Government in the United States, as he stated, â€Å"†¦how is the schoolmaster, the country, to know which kid needs the whipping? . . . Force and severe responsibility for its utilization are the basic constituents of good government. . . . It is, in this way, obviously an extreme imperfection in our government framework that it distributes and befuddles obligation as it does. The primary reason for the Convention of 1787 appears to have been to achieve this heinous slip-up. The 'artistic theory’ of governing rules is essentially a reliable record of what our constitution producers attempted to do; and those balanced governance have demonstrated insidious just to the degree which they have prevailing with regards to setting up themselves . . . [the Framers] would be the first to concede that the main product of separating power had been to make it irresponsible.†[8] Detachment of Powers has blended ramifications. It can prompt gridlock, for example at the point when it gets close to

Managing Contention for Shared Resources on Multicore Processors Case Study - 1

Overseeing Contention for Shared Resources on Multicore Processors - Case Study Example Thus, they ran a gathering of utilizations on various calendars, combined diversely to such an extent that every application had the chance to match with different applications. They ran every conceivable timetable in a similar memory space instead of as an individual element. In doing this they figured out how to accomplish the real debasement of each seat mark while having a similar memory area as another seat mark. They at that point contrasted the genuine best calendar and the assessed best timetable, that is they analyzed the debasement of the evaluated best timetable corresponding to the real best one. They presumed that high-rate-miss applications ought not be joined with low-rate-miss applications. Zhuravlev et al.(2) adds that past works intended to improve string execution in multicore frameworks depended on reserve conflict as it was expected that it was the principle, if by all account not the only motivation of execution corruption. They likewise express that (Zhuravlev et al. 20) in this setting store conflict is enduring additional reserve misses since its co-sprinter (strings running on centers that share the equivalent LLC) carry their own information into the LLC expelling the information of others. As expressed by (Federova et al. 45) when a string demands a store line that doesnt exist, at that point a reserve miss is enlisted, and another reserve line must be designated. Chandra, Guo, Kim and Salihin (nd, p1) show that the sharing of a reserve by strings in multicore processors is critical to forestall excess. In any case, when a few strings share a similar store, they go after the accessible reserve space. The sharing of store space isnt uniform and in this way, the exhibition of those strings that get to less reserve space is enormously decreased. Federova et al. (32) have all through the investigation expect to demonstrate that the best equation to stay away from conflict in multicore processor frameworks is by building a dispute mindful scheduler. They express that allocating applications to centers contingent upon the most ideal timetable, may

Causes and Impacts of Burnout among Emergency Nurses in Australia - 550 Words

Causes and Impacts of Burnout among Emergency Nurses in Australia (Essay Sample) Content: Independent study- ProposalCauses and Impacts of Burnout among Emergency Nurses in AustraliaIntroductionBurnout among emergency nurses is a major problem that can have negative impacts on the delivery of healthcare services (Lu, 2013: pp 67). Burnout has led to some nurses leaving the profession while others have developed mental and physical problems (Li, 2013: pp 284). This proposal outlines the steps to be taken in the development of a literature review and manuscript for potential publication in relation to the causes and impacts of burnout among Emergency Department nurses in Australia. DiscussionMethodologyA qualitative method of data collection will be used in the preparation of the literature review. This involves obtaining theoretical information about a topic (Creswell, 2013: pp 12). Most of the information will also be collected through the use of secondary means. The secondary method of data collection involves the use of existing materials such as books and journals. PubMed medical database will be used during the data collection. The keywords during the search will include burnout among nurses, effects of burnout, remedy for burnout and statistics of burn out among nurses in Australia. High levels of ethics will be observed during the data collection process. Ethics is important during the research for the purposes of accuracy and credibility. The authors whose material will be used will be acknowledged through referencing in order to maintain ethics during the research.BackgroundBurnout is considered a unique type of stress syndrome that is characterized by emotional exhaustion (Li, et al, 2013: pp 288). The level of burnout in the nursing profession is usually high as compared to other professions. Nurses are usually required to work long hours without taking many breaks or rests (Rudman Gustavsson, 2011: 294). In most cases, the nurses are involved in trying to save lives and responding to emergencies throughout the day and he nce leaving no room for rest (Lu, 2013: pp 71). The nurses in most Emergency Departments (ED) have to continue working long after their shifts have ended (Hayes, et al, 2015: pp 11). Decisions have to be made fast by the nurses when responding to emergencies. The high level of burnout among nurses has negative impacts on their mental and physical wellbeing. Some nurses have ended up developing mental problems as a result of the burnout and hence affecting their careers. Others have left the profession in favour of other professions with better conditions (Rudman Gustavsson, 2011: pp 301). The high level of burnout has also contributed to low morale among nurses which has ultimately affected their performance (Sprinks, 2015: pp 17). The high levels of burnout have also impacted upon the interaction between the nurses and their patients negatively. In some incidences the nurses verbally abuse the patients and also failed to provide them with adequate information regarding their co nditions (Rudman Gustavsson, 2011: pp 295). ConclusionIn conclusion, it is evident that the ...

The Goal Setting Theory Of Motivation - 1818 Words

In the 1960’s, Edwin Locke put forth the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is fundamentally linked to task performance. It standardizes the idea that specific and challenging goals along with constructive feedback, contribute to enhanced task performance. Locke, one of the most notable contributors in goal setting theory, alongside Gary Latham have contributed to the history and evolution of goal setting while highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the theory in practice used by companies and making contributions to management. In Edwin Locke’s 1968 article Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives, he highlights that working towards a goal is a major source of motivation – which, in turn,†¦show more content†¦Participation of setting goal makes them more acceptable and leads to more involvement. Goal setting theory has certain eventualities such as self-efficiency is the individual’s self-confidence and faith that the individual has potential of performing the task. The higher the level of self-efficiency, than greater the efforts put in by the individual when they face challenging tasks. While, lower the level of self-efficiency, less will be the efforts put in by the individual or he might even quit while meeting challenges. Goal commitment- Goal setting theory assumes that the individual is committed to the goal and will not leave the goal. The goal commitment is dependent on the following factors: Goals are made open, known and broadcasted. Goals should be set-self by individual rather than designated. Individual’s set goals should be consistent with the organizational goals and vision. Goal setting is something that many of us recognize as a vital part of achieving success. By understanding goal-setting theory, you can apply Locke and Latham s principles to your goals. Their research confirms the usefulness of SMART goal setting, and their theory continues to influence the way that we measure performance today. Relevant additions have been made to Locke’s theory, which will be discussed further. As stated in the New Directions in Goal Setting Theory publication, â€Å"Goal theory is an ‘‘open’’ theory inShow MoreRelatedGoal-Setting Theory of Motivation2104 Words   |  9 PagesJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND ADMINISTRATION VOLUME 15, NUMBER 1, 2011 Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation Fred C. Lunenburg Sam Houston State University ABSTRACT Locke and Latham provide a well-developed goal-setting theory of motivation. The theory emphasizes the important relationship between goals and performance. Research supports predictions that the most effective performance seems to result when goals are specific and challenging, when they are used to evaluate performance and linkedRead MoreGoal Setting Theory Of Motivation Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesEssay question: It is often claimed that goal-setting is a theory of motivation which works. Critically evaluate the evidence and discuss the extent to which it supports this claim. Introduction As element that drives the person to strive for the best within his or her own capacity, Guay et al. (2010) defined motivation as reasons that underlie behaviour. It is also interpreted by Huitt, W. (2011) cited Kleinginna and Kleinginna (1981) as an internal state or condition (sometimes described as aRead MoreMotivation Theory And The Goal Setting Theory1159 Words   |  5 Pages Essay 1 Content theories of motivation focus on the importance of work itself, challenges, growth opportunities and responsibilities that the work provides employees. Process theories of motivation focus on the cognitive processes that are part of employee’s decision making. It also deals with our thoughts and perceptions about our jobs. The decisions are made based on calculations of gains versus loses. Also, when it comes to process theories of motivation, how the work situation is perceivedRead MoreThe Goal Setting Theory for Employee Motivation1302 Words   |  6 PagesGoal setting theory can help motivate employees to do their job as managers can relate to Professor Edwin Locke goal theory. The underlying concept behind this theory is the belief that people’s goals play a vital part in deciding their behavior. People drive to satisfy these goals to help their emotions and desires. Goals guide people’s responses and actions. Goals command employee performance an d actions and this can call for action or feedback. The effort that individuals will exert in attemptingRead MoreGoal Setting Theory: Motivation, Stress, and Communication1278 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation, Stress, and Communication Motivation, Stress, and Communication Introduction Goal-setting has progressively become a prominent tool of performance utilized by individuals and business organizations. Companies attain their success by setting long and short-term targets which provide them with direction in productive channels economically. Some of the common attributed elements in goal setting include: sales, services, products, and customer relations in general. The setting of goalsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Expectancy and Goal Setting Theories of Work Motivation. Which Do You Find the More Useful and Why?1384 Words   |  6 Pagescontrast expectancy and goal setting theories of work motivation. Which do you find the more useful and why? Two of the best known approaches to work motivation are the expectancy theory introduced by Victor Vroom (1964) and the goal-setting theory introduced by Edwin A. Locke (1968). Both of these theories have garnered support from subsequent empirical research and have proved influential in how companies motivate their workers through incentive schemes and objective-setting exercises. As theirRead MoreBackground Of Id Medical Group1389 Words   |  6 Pagesbrand, motivation and engagement. The wellbeing is bound up flexibility, work-life balance, motivation, job-satisfaction and human research management. For this reason, the rank of giving something back and wellbeing is very high in 100 companies (high level means not good at about a topic). The two category have included a joint topic which is motivation. The company is not good at about motivation. Therefore, the company is not good financially. 3.0 Motivation and Theories 3.1 Motivation For motivationRead MoreHow Managers Motivate Employees And Helping Managers Keep Their Employees Motivation High Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation in the workplace has been a frequently discussed subject for at least a century. Whether an employee is doing paperwork behind a desk, helping to put together a car on a conveyor belt, or trying to make a sale, motivation is essential in their job. The reason behind this is simple enough- the more motivated an employee is the more work they tend to get done. However, it can be a struggle for managers to keep their workers motivated. This struggle has led to the development of numerousRead MoreEssay on Reinforcement Versus Goal Theory724 Words   |  3 PagesReinforcement versus Goal Theory Lorraine Patterson OMM 625 Learning Organizations amp; Effectiveness Professor Renee Hill January 30, 2012 According to Edwin Locke the goal setting theory is a tool used for motivation. The theory states that goal setting is linked to task performance. The goal states â€Å"specifically challenging employees while using feedback will contribute to a higher and better performance while completing a task.†(Pane, S) The idea of workingRead MoreEssay on Insight on the Motivation of Workers596 Words   |  3 PagesMotivation has always been a subject of much research over the last fifty years however there have been many definitions and theories describing and analysing motivation but the research is never complete. Right from Robert Owen who described human beings to be like machines that need care and maintenance to work efficiently till Drucker (1999) who described them as the knowledge workers of the 21st century with different needs and therefore on what it is required I would like to elaborate on the

Investigating The Substances Of Water Chromatography

Most chemists and many other scientists must routinely separate mixtures and identify their components. The ability to qualitatively identify the substances found in a sample can be critical. For example, an environmental chemist investigating samples of polluted ground water will want to know which toxic ions might be present in a sample. Chromatography is one of the first tools used in such situations. In this technique, many types of mixtures can be separated into the component pure substances; by comparison to a standard sample, each component substance can also be tentatively identified. Many varieties of chromatography exist, each one designed to separate specific types of mixtures. The common feature of each type of†¦show more content†¦The movement of the components in the mobile phase is controlled by the significance of their interactions with the mobile and/or stationary phases. Because of the differences in factors such as the solubility of certain components in the mobile phase and the strength of their affinities for the stationary phase, some components will move faster than others, thus facilitating the separation of the components within that mixture. The first chromatograph was invented by Russian botanist Mikhail Semenovich Tsvett. Mikhail Tsvet was born 14 May 1872 in Asti, Italy. His mother was Italian, and his father was a Russian official. His mother died soon after his birth, and he was raised in Geneva, Switzerland. He received his B.S. degree from the Department of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Geneva in 1893. However, he decided to dedicate himself to botany and received his Ph.D. degree in 1896 for his work on cell physiology. He moved to Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1896 because his father was recalled from the Foreign Service. There he started to work at the Biological Laboratory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His Geneva degrees were not recognized in Russia, and he had to earn Russian degrees. In 1897 he became a teacher of botany courses for women. In 1902 he became a laboratory assistant at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Warsaw University in

Great Expectations Symbolism Essay Example For Students

Great Expectations: Symbolism Essay Great Expectations: SymbolismIn life, symbolism is present all around us. Whether it is in the clothes wewear, the things we do, or what we buy, everything has a meaning. Symbolism isalso present in literature and it is shown in Charles Dickens Great Expectations. The symbols of isolation, manipulation, the tragic hero, and wanting to besomeone else are seen throughout the book through the characters of Estella,Magwitch, Miss Havisham, and Pip. The character of Estella represents the symbols of isolation and manipulation. By acting as an adult when she was still young, she separated herself from Pipand others. This was due in large part to the way Miss Havisham, her stepmother,raised her. She had no emotion, as Miss Havisham used her for revenge on men. Onhis first visit to the Satis House, Pip overheard Miss Havisham tell EstellaWell? You can break his heart. 65. By doing what Miss Havisham tells her to,she shows she is just as heartless as her stepmother. She also representsmanipulation in how she played with Pips feelings, who has strong feelings forher eventhough he also cannot stand her. She tells Pip Come here! You may kissme if you like. 102. Although the kiss may have meant a lot to Pip, it didnot mean anything to Estella as she was just playing with Pips emotions. The character of Magwitch represents the symbols of isolation and the tragichero. In this case, he was physically isolated from society because he was aconvict and was looked upon with disgust. When Magwitch confesses and apologizesto Joe for stealing the food, Joe replies poor miserable fellow creatur. 43. Magwitch also illustrates the symbol of the tragic hero. Throughout most of thebook, Magwitch is looked down upon by Pip. Magwitch talks about his gratitudefor Pip when he helped him as a convict many years ago. You acted noble, myboy, said he. 356. Noble Pip! And I have never forgot it! 356. He showswhy he is a hero when he explains to Pip that he was the benefactor and the oneresponsible for making him a gentleman and helping him achieve his greatexpectations. Yes, Pip, dear boy, Ive made a gentleman on you! Its me wotdone it! 359-360. After his death, however, Pip feels guilt and sadness whenhe learns what Magwitch spent most of his life trying do. As a result, he showsthe readers why he was the tragic hero. One character who represents the symbols of isolation and manipulation is MissHavisham. For most of her life, she has refused to let go of her past as shecontinues to wear her wedding dress and keep her wedding cake. Her decayingdress and cake are symbols of how her life rotted away. It also depicted thestate of the Satis House, where she was isolated from the rest of society. Thehouse is used as a metaphor to show how they decayed and crumbled as time passedon. Miss Havisham also illustrates the symbol of manipulation. She had raisedEstella as a heartless stepdaughter whose main purpose was to seek revenge onmen. This central motivation of revenge resulted from the fact that she was arejected lover. Her plan is shown when she tells Estella to go play with Pip. Well? You can break his heart. 65. As a result, she made Estella into ahuman monster with no emotion. Near the end, Miss Havisham dies a hopelessneurotic. The one character who shows the symbol of how people always want to be someoneelse but than decide they are better off with whom they are is Pip, the storysprotagonist. As a boy, Pip wishes to be a gentleman. With unknown help fromMagwitch the convict, Pips dreams come true. After attaining his fortune andhis expectations, Pip is miserable. As I had grown accustomed to myexpectations, I had intensibly begun to notice their effect upon myself andthose around me. 305. He noticed the negative effects as he was in debtbecause of his lavish spending and he also realized how much he neglected Joeand Biddy, his two best friends as a kid. In the end, Pip changes as he becomesa loyal friend to Magwitch in his time of need, tries to repair his relationshipwith Joe and Biddy, and goes from almost total destruction to moderate businesssuccess. He also shows how people gain from giving. The